python开发环境的搭建

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Python包管理工具区分

  • pip: 包管理工具
  • vitualenv：虚拟环境管理工具
  • pyenv：python版本管理工具(支持下载指定python版本)
  • pipenv和poetry：项目环境管理工具
  • pipx：python应用管理工具，在隔离环境中安装和运行python应用
  • venv：虚拟环境管理工具(python3.3 以后自带)

通过Toml文件定义环境依赖

pyproject.toml

[tool.poetry]
name = "example"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "A example project"
authors = ["aiden <aiden_lu@wochacha.com>"]

[[tool.poetry.source]]
name = "wcc-pypi"
url = "https://pypi.wochacha.cn/simple/"
default = false

[[tool.poetry.source]]
name = "default"
url = "https://pypi.org/simple/"
default = false

[[tool.poetry.source]]
name = "aliyun-pypi"
url = "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/"
default = true

[tool.poetry.dependencies]
python = "^3.9"

pytz = "^2021.3"  # https://github.com/stub42/pytz
python-slugify = "^5.0.2"  # https://github.com/un33k/python-slugify
Pillow = "^9.0.0"  # https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow
argon2-cffi = "^21.3.0"  # https://github.com/hynek/argon2_cffi
redis = "^4.1.0"  # https://github.com/redis/redis-py
hiredis = "^2.0.0"  # https://github.com/redis/hiredis-py
celery = "^5.2.3"  # pyup: < 6.0  # https://github.com/celery/celery
django-celery-beat = "^2.2.1"  # https://github.com/celery/django-celery-beat
uvicorn = { version = "^0.16.0", extras = ["standard"], optional = true }  # https://github.com/encode/uvicorn
psycopg2 = { version = "^2.9.3", optional = true }  # https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg2
sentry-sdk = { version = "^1.5.1", optional = true }  # https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-python
gunicorn = { version = "^20.1.0", optional = true }  # https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn

# Django
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
django = "^3.2.10"  # pyup: < 4.0  # https://www.djangoproject.com/
django-environ = "^0.8.1"  # https://github.com/joke2k/django-environ
django-model-utils = "^4.2.0"  # https://github.com/jazzband/django-model-utils
django-allauth = "^0.47.0"  # https://github.com/pennersr/django-allauth
django-crispy-forms = "^1.13.0"  # https://github.com/django-crispy-forms/django-crispy-forms
crispy-bootstrap5 = "^0.6"  # https://github.com/django-crispy-forms/crispy-bootstrap5
django-redis = "^5.2.0"  # https://github.com/jazzband/django-redis
channels = "^3.0.4"

django-storages = { version = "^1.12.3", extras = ["boto3"], optional = true }  # https://github.com/jschneier/django-storages
django-anymail = { version = "^8.4", optional = true }   # https://github.com/anymail/django-anymail
# Django REST Framework
djangorestframework = "^3.13.1"  # https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework
django-cors-headers = "^3.10.1"  # https://github.com/adamchainz/django-cors-headers
authing = "^4.5.16"  # https://github.com/Authing/authing-py-sdk
pypinyin = "^0.45.0"
itsdangerous = "^2.0.1"
drfexts = { version = "^0.4.2", source = "default" }
django-user-notification = { version = "^0.4.0", source = "default" }
djangorestframework-simplejwt = "^5.0.0"
drf-spectacular = "^0.21.1"
ujson = "^5.1.0"
drf-flex-fields = "^0.9.7"
channels-redis = "^3.3.1"


[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
Werkzeug = "^2.0.2" # https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug
ipdb = "^0.13.9"  # https://github.com/gotcha/ipdb
psycopg2-binary = "^2.9.3"  # https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg2
watchgod = "^0.7"  # https://github.com/samuelcolvin/watchgod

# Testing
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mypy = "^0.930"  # https://github.com/python/mypy
django-stubs = "^1.9.0"  # https://github.com/typeddjango/django-stubs
pytest = "^6.2.5"  # https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest
pytest-sugar = "^0.9.4"  # https://github.com/Frozenball/pytest-sugar
djangorestframework-stubs = "^1.4.0"  # https://github.com/typeddjango/djangorestframework-stubs

# Documentation
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sphinx = "^4.3.2"  # https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx
sphinx-autobuild = "^2021.3.14" # https://github.com/GaretJax/sphinx-autobuild

# Code quality
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
flake8 = "^4.0.1"  # https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
flake8-isort = "^4.1.1"  # https://github.com/gforcada/flake8-isort
coverage = "^6.2"  # https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy
black = "^21.12b0"  # https://github.com/psf/black
pylint-django = "^2.5.0"  # https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint-django
pylint-celery = "^0.3"  # https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint-celery
pre-commit = "^2.16.0"  # https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit

# Django
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
factory-boy = "^3.2.1"  # https://github.com/FactoryBoy/factory_boy
django-debug-toolbar = "^3.2.4"  # https://github.com/jazzband/django-debug-toolbar
django-extensions = "^3.1.5"  # https://github.com/django-extensions/django-extensions
django-coverage-plugin = "^2.0.2"  # https://github.com/nedbat/django_coverage_plugin
pytest-django = "^4.5.2"  # https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-django

# Django REST Framework
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
drf-spectacular = "^0.21.1"  # https://github.com/tfranzel/drf-spectacular

[tool.poetry.extras]
production = ["uvicorn", "psycopg2", "sentry-sdk", "gunicorn", "django-storages", "django-anymail"]

[build-system]
requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"

Poetry简单命令介绍

  • 创建pyproject.toml文件：poetry init
  • 安装依赖：poetry install
  • 新增一个包: poetry add package_name

  • 新增一个包(dev环境): poetry add package_name —dev

  • 移除一个包：poetry remove package_name

  • 更新包版本：poetry update

安装完poetry之后 执行下面命令 这样虚拟环境就会在项目根目录底下创建

poetry config virtualenvs.in-project true

poetry env use c:/python311/python.exe

DRF 开发环境搭建

方式一: 本地开发环境搭建(poetry 安装、pycharm poetry集成及添加、删除、更新一个包)

  1. 安装poetry

方式二: 使用docker搭建开发环境

使用pycharm来debug以及使用命令行调试(shell)

pycharm提供了很好的debug工具

使用django 命令行调试工具: python manage.py shell

使用black、isort、flake8 来提高代码质量

！pre-commit的使用(强烈建议使用)

1.安装pre-commit包
pip install pre-commit

# 在指定项目下生效
pre-commit install

2.pre-commit配置文件

# 不效验, 直接push
git commit -m "XXX" --no-verify
git push

“.pre-commit-config.yaml”

exclude: "^docs/|/migrations/"
default_stages: [commit]

repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
    rev: v4.1.0
    hooks:
      - id: trailing-whitespace
      - id: end-of-file-fixer
      - id: check-yaml
      - id: check-toml
      - id: check-merge-conflict
      - id: debug-statements

  - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
    rev: 21.12b0
    hooks:
      - id: black

  - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
    rev: 5.10.1
    hooks:
      - id: isort
        args: ["--profile", "black"]

  - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
    rev: 4.0.1
    hooks:
      - id: flake8
        args: ["--config=setup.cfg"]
        additional_dependencies: [flake8-isort]

# sets up .pre-commit-ci.yaml to ensure pre-commit dependencies stay up to date
ci:
  autoupdate_schedule: weekly
  skip: []
  submodules: false
yaml

使用gitlab ci来进行单元测试

  • 项目根目录定义一个”.gitlab-ci.yml” 文件
  • 设置触发条件(branch名称or tag名称)
  • 编写单元测试

使用cookiecutter来初始化一个项目

  • 安装cookiecutter

    pip install “cookiecutter>=1.7.0”

  • 根据模版生成项目

cookiecutter https://gl.xxx.cn/wcc-framework/wcc-backend-cookiecutter.git

原文链接： python开发环境的搭建 版权所有，转载时请注明出处，违者必究。
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