理解进程上下文

思考：

每个线程在执行的时候，都会独自占用一个CPU,当系统中的线程数量 > CPU的数量时，就会存在多个线程共用一个CPU
的情况。但CPU每次只能运行一个线程，Windows每隔20毫秒会进行线程的切换，那比如线程A执行到地址：0x2345678
eax:1 ecx:2 edx:3 ebx:4...还有eflag标志寄存器中的值等等。。。
此时，线程执行时间到了，被切换到了线程B。。。。当线程B的时间片也到了，再切换会线程A时，系统是如何知道该
从哪个地址开始执行呢？被切换前用到的各种寄存器的值该如何恢复呢？


CONTEXT：

该结构包含了特定处理器的寄存器数据。


typedef struct _CONTEXT {

    //
    // The flags values within this flag control the contents of
    // a CONTEXT record.
    //
    // If the context record is used as an input parameter, then
    // for each portion of the context record controlled by a flag
    // whose value is set, it is assumed that that portion of the
    // context record contains valid context. If the context record
    // is being used to modify a threads context, then only that
    // portion of the threads context will be modified.
    //
    // If the context record is used as an IN OUT parameter to capture
    // the context of a thread, then only those portions of the thread's
    // context corresponding to set flags will be returned.
    //
    // The context record is never used as an OUT only parameter.
    //

    DWORD ContextFlags;

    //
    // This section is specified/returned if CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS is
    // set in ContextFlags.  Note that CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS is NOT
    // included in CONTEXT_FULL.
    //

    DWORD   Dr0;
    DWORD   Dr1;
    DWORD   Dr2;
    DWORD   Dr3;
    DWORD   Dr6;
    DWORD   Dr7;

    //
    // This section is specified/returned if the
    // ContextFlags word contians the flag CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT.
    //

    FLOATING_SAVE_AREA FloatSave;

    //
    // This section is specified/returned if the
    // ContextFlags word contians the flag CONTEXT_SEGMENTS.
    //

    DWORD   SegGs;
    DWORD   SegFs;
    DWORD   SegEs;
    DWORD   SegDs;

    //
    // This section is specified/returned if the
    // ContextFlags word contians the flag CONTEXT_INTEGER.
    //

    DWORD   Edi;
    DWORD   Esi;
    DWORD   Ebx;
    DWORD   Edx;
    DWORD   Ecx;
    DWORD   Eax;

    //
    // This section is specified/returned if the
    // ContextFlags word contians the flag CONTEXT_CONTROL.
    //

    DWORD   Ebp;
    DWORD   Eip;
    DWORD   SegCs;              // MUST BE SANITIZED
    DWORD   EFlags;             // MUST BE SANITIZED
    DWORD   Esp;
    DWORD   SegSs;

    //
    // This section is specified/returned if the ContextFlags word
    // contains the flag CONTEXT_EXTENDED_REGISTERS.
    // The format and contexts are processor specific
    //

    BYTE    ExtendedRegisters[MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED_EXTENSION];

} CONTEXT;


获取线程CONTEXT结构：

//挂起线程
SuspendThread(线程句柄);

CONTEXT context

//设置要获取的类型

context.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_CONTROL;

//获取

BOOL ok = ::GetThreadContext(hThread,&context);

//设置

context.Eip = 0x401000;

SetThreadContext(hThread,&context);

ResumeThread(hThead);